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Rug Glossary
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This rating means there are 100 knots in every square inch of the rug, ensuring a dense and durable weave.
With 121 knots per square inch, this high-quality standard reflects exceptional craftsmanship and intricate detail.
The number of holes in the fabric indicates how detailed the design is. More holes mean a more intricate pattern, showcasing fine craftsmanship.
The number of holes per inch reveals the complexity of the design. A higher number of holes means more detailed and elaborate patterns.
This top-tier rating means there are 196 knots per square inch, representing some of the finest quality available in large carpets.
The more holes present in the rug’s fabric, the more detailed and elaborate the design. This shows a higher level of artistry in the rug’s creation.
This rating translates to 12 knots per square inch. In lower-quality carpets, the knots are thicker and not perfectly square, reflecting a more basic level of craftsmanship.
With 25 knots per square inch, this rating represents a step up in quality. In less expensive carpets, the knots are thicker and less precisely tied.
This rating indicates 36 knots per square inch, signifying a high level of detail and quality in the rug.
With 64 knots per square inch, this standard reflects a premium quality with a dense and intricate weave.
A
Abrash gives a carpet its charming, aged look. It’s a mix of color variations caused by different factors, like yarn inconsistencies or dye absorption. This effect can make a carpet look wonderfully unique.
This wool, sourced from Afghanistan, is renowned for its strength and distinct texture. It’s perfect for creating durable and high-quality carpets.
B
Backing is a fabric glued to the back of a rug to give it structure and support. It helps the rug keep its shape and last longer.
Bamboo silk is a natural fiber taken from bamboo stalks. It has a silky feel and shine, adding a touch of luxury to any carpet.
The beater bar is a rotating brush in a vacuum cleaner that helps shake loose dirt from surfaces. When cleaning rugs, it’s best to turn off this feature or use a vacuum without it to avoid damage.
Binding is the process of finishing the edges of a carpet to make it more durable. Traditional carpets have bindings along the length, while modern designs are bound on all sides.
C
Canvas backing is a sturdy fabric glued to the back of hand-tufted or handloom rugs. It helps protect the fibers and adds to the rug’s durability.
Carding is the method of untangling raw wool fibers. It’s done with a tool similar to a brush, which helps prepare the wool for spinning.
Chokla wool comes from Bikaner, Rajasthan, and is known for its exceptional durability. It’s one of the highest-quality wools available in India.
The churi is a curved, sharp tool used in hand-knotted rug weaving. It helps cut the yarn after each knot is tied, ensuring a precise finish.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy fiber that grows around the seeds of cotton plants. It’s known for its comfort and versatility in making rugs.
D
Also called flatweave in India, a Dhurrie is a simple rug made by weaving warp and weft threads together. It’s known for its straightforward, yet stylish design.
Durability indicates how long a rug will last with regular use. Hand-knotted rugs can last over 30 years, hand-tufted rugs 5-7 years, and handloom and flatweave rugs around 10+ years.
Dyeing is the process of adding color to yarn by soaking it in dye vats. This gives the yarn its vibrant hues.
F
Fiber is the thread-like material used to make rugs. It can be natural, like wool or cotton, or synthetic.
Finishing involves the steps taken to complete a carpet after it comes off the loom. This includes washing, trimming, binding, and embossing to make the rug ready for your home.
Flatweave rugs are made entirely of interlocking threads. Their designs come from the patterns of these threads and are often based on traditional weaving techniques.
Freedom Manchaha is a unique project where long-term prisoners in Rajasthan design and weave rugs using surplus yarn. It’s a sustainable initiative producing one-of-a-kind rug designs.
G
Gultarash is the final finishing step where artisans use scissors to carve and emboss the rug’s design, creating a textured high-low effect.
H
Hand-carded wool involves manually combing out clumps using a bristle pad. This process prepares the wool for spinning.
In hand-knotted rugs, artisans tie knots individually on each warp thread. This meticulous process is done line by line, with each line secured before starting the next.
A hand-made carpet is crafted entirely by hand, without any machines. Each rug is a unique work of art.
Hand-spun yarn is made by spinning fibers on a traditional spinning wheel, giving it an uneven, rustic look.
To make hand-tufted rugs, artisans use a tufting gun to insert yarn into a fabric base. The fabric is pre-outlined with a design, serving as a guide for the artisan to craft the final pattern of the rug.
This type of weaving is akin to textile weaving on a vertical handloom. Handloom rugs typically feature simpler designs, such as plain or geometric patterns, as they’re not suited for complex floral designs.
A hank is a loose bundle of yarn formed after spinning. The length of a hank varies based on the material and manufacturer.
Hemp is a natural fiber extracted from the cannabis plant’s stalks. It’s known for its strength and eco-friendly properties.
I
Intricacy refers to the level of detail in a rug’s design. In hand-knotted rugs, more intricacy means more knots per square inch, while in hand-tufted rugs, it means denser patterns.
J
Jute comes from the stalks of the corchorus plant. Though it’s rough to the touch, it’s both eco-friendly and incredibly durable.
K
Kilim is a traditional flat-weave rug style from Persia. Unlike other hand-woven rugs, where colorful strands are woven onto a base, kilim patterns are created by interweaving different colored threads.
A knot is when fibers are tangled with the warp and weft threads. There are various types, including Persian, Turkish, and Tibetan knots.
Knotting is a method used to create hand-knotted carpets. It involves three main techniques depending on the region: Turkish, Persian, and Tibetan knots.
KPSI stands for “knots per square inch,” which measures a rug’s intricacy and detail. Higher KPSI usually means the rug is more durable.
L
M
Machine-spun yarn is carded and spun by a machine, ensuring a consistent thickness throughout.
A machine-made rug is produced using machinery for everything from yarn creation to finishing touches.
Manchaha is a special initiative where artisans create unique rugs on their looms using surplus yarn. Each piece reflects the rich, diverse culture of rural India.
Merino wool, sourced from New Zealand, is among the highest-quality wool available. It’s prized for its sheen and soft, fluffy texture.
Micron measures the thickness of individual wool fibers. Finer, thinner fibers result in softer wool, while thicker fibers are more durable.
P
A panja is a tool resembling a bear claw used to compress knots and wefts on the loom. It’s used in both hand-knotting and a type of flat weave called the Panja weave.
The pile of a rug is the surface fibers. It can be trimmed, untrimmed, or a mix to create different visual and textural effects
R
Rafu involves stitching or repairing worn rug corners with a needle. It can replace damaged wefts, redo knots, fix minor defects, or even serve as a design element.
Real handspun wool is carded and spun manually, giving the yarn a unique, varied look and dye effect.
Rug washing is one of the final finishing steps. The rug is laid flat, water and a mild detergent are applied, and an oar-like paddle is used to remove trapped dirt.
S
Sardinian wool, sourced from Sardinia, Italy, is coarse and used to make a strong, waterproof fabric called orbace.
Silk is a luxurious fiber harvested from silkworm cocoons. It’s considered one of the finest materials for making rugs.
Sorting is the process of separating wool by color, texture, and quality. It’s the first step in turning raw wool into yarn.
A spinner is an artisan who turns raw wool into yarn through hand-carding and spinning. The Bikaner region in Rajasthan, India, is known for its skilled spinners.
Spinning follows carding to twist wool fibers into yarn. Hand-spun yarn is valued for its durability and unique appearance.
In spooling, dyed yarn hanks are wound onto small spools by hand. This is the final step before the yarn is packed and shipped.
T
Tassels are loose threads on the edge of traditional carpets. They can be styled to enhance the rug’s appearance.
Texture describes how a rug feels, influenced by the weaving method, pile height, and the type of fiber used.
Tufting involves pushing yarn into a backing fabric with a tufting gun to create designs.
A tufting gun is a tool, either hand-operated or electric, used by artisans to insert individual yarns into fabric for hand-tufted rugs.
V
W
Warp threads are the vertical threads that form the main structure of a rug. They are set up on the loom and hold the weft threads.
A weaver is an artisan who creates textiles or rugs by interlacing yarn threads.
Weaving technique refers to the method used to make a rug, such as hand-knotted, hand-tufted, handloom, or flat weave.
Weft threads are the horizontal threads used to set up the base and interlock the pile in a rug.
Wool is a natural fiber from sheep. The softest, finest wool comes from the neck, legs, and belly areas.
Y
Yarn is the result of sorting, carding, and spinning raw fiber. It’s the thread used to make rugs.
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